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Derren Brown says: 'Palm Readers are Fake!' (video)

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Derren Brown says: 'Palm Readers are Fake!' (video) Empty Derren Brown says: 'Palm Readers are Fake!' (video)

Post  Martijn (admin) Wed Feb 18, 2015 6:43 pm


Funny video... but seriously, what are the implications really?




Last edited by Martijn (admin) on Tue Mar 03, 2015 5:59 pm; edited 1 time in total
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Derren Brown says: 'Palm Readers are Fake!' (video) Empty cannot view

Post  jeanette Sat Feb 21, 2015 10:45 pm

Martijn,
Can't view this, says blocked in your country on copyright grounds.
I watch all his programmes because I like him.
I saw this one and, not dead sure, can't remember, but think he was exposing fortune telling,
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Post  Martijn (admin) Sun Feb 22, 2015 10:25 am

jeanette wrote:Martijn,
Can't view this, says blocked in your country on copyright grounds.
I watch all his programmes because I like him.
I saw this one and, not dead sure, can't remember, but think he was exposing fortune telling,

Hi Jeanette,

I am sorry to hear that you can't see the video; strange... hopefully these other versions of the same project will work for you:

Same video, uploaded by another source:
https://youtu.be/SeqnFmJzQnI

The same project presented in 2 video parts:
https://youtu.be/jDlkl78Yf-8
https://youtu.be/2bCjzLij54k


PS. Yes, Derren Brown's efforts are not focussed on hand readers in specific, as he also mentioned astrology in the video. Basically, his experiment can be recognized to be focussed on techniques where likewise psychological mechanisms (next to the Barnum-effect one can also think of the phenomenon called 'cold reading') can get involved.
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Post  Lynn Sun Feb 22, 2015 2:41 pm

Thanks Martijn, like Jeanette I was unable to view it
"This video contains content from Channel 4, who has blocked it in your country on copyright grounds."
but now I can view it in the links where it is posted in two parts. Thanks!
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Post  jeanette Sun Feb 22, 2015 3:55 pm

Thanks Martijn,
Watched it and I hadn't seen it before.
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Post  Martijn (admin) Sun Feb 22, 2015 6:47 pm


Ah, great that the two-parts do work for residents in the UK - but I would like to add that the single-video presents a more clear presentation of what happened exactly during the experiment (some fragments are missing inside the much longer single video).

wave

PS. The personality profile used by Brown is available here:
http://micro.lonegunman.co.uk/post/363542737/derren-browns-forer-experiment-text

(Definitely a recommendation for further study in order to avoid the Barnum-effect!)

Derren Brown says: 'Palm Readers are Fake!' (video) Derren-brown-113635376

Derren Brown's profile-design copy-and-pasted below:

"Derren Brown’s Forer Experiment Text

You are a person prone to bouts of self-examination. This is in sharp contrast to a striking ability you have developed to appear very socially engaged, even the life and soul of the party; but in a way that only convinces others. You are all too aware of it being a façade.

This means that you will often be at a gathering and find yourself playing a part. While on the one hand you’ll be talkative and funny, you’ll be detaching yourself to the point where you will find yourself watching everything going on around you and feeling utterly unable to engage. You’ll play conversations back to yourself in your head and wonder what that person really meant when he said such-and-such — conversations that other people wouldn’t give a second thought to.

How have you learned to deal with this conflict? Through exercising control. You like to show a calm, self-assured fluid kind of stability (but because this is self-consciously created, it will create bouts of frustrated silliness and a delight in extremes, or at least a delight in being seen to be extreme). You most easily recognise this control in how you are with people around you. You have learned to protect yourself by keeping people at bay. Because in the past you have learned to be disappointed by people (and because there were issues with you adjusting to your sexuality), you instinctively keep people at arms’ length, until you decide they are allowed over that magic line into your group of close friends. However, once across that line, the problem is that an emotional dependency kicks in which leaves you feeling very hurt or rejected if it appears that they have betrayed that status.

Because you are prone to self-examination, you will be aware of these traits. However, you are unusually able to examine even that self-examination, which means that you have become concerned about what the real you is. You have become all too aware of façades, of sides of yourself which you present to the world, and you wonder if you have lost touch with the real and spontaneous you.

You are very creative, and have tried different avenues to utilize that ability. It may not be that you specifically, say, paint; it may be that your creativity shows itself in more subtle ways, but you will certainly find yourself having vivid and well-formed ideas which others will find hard to grasp. You set high standards for yourself, though, and in many ways are a bit of a perfectionist. The problem is, though, that it means you often don’t get stuff done, because you are frustrated by the idea of mediocrity and are wearied by the idea of starting something afresh. However, once your brain is engaged you’ll find yourself sailing. Very much this will likely lead to you having considered writing a novel or some such, but a fear that you won’t be able to achieve quite what you want stops you from getting on with it. But you have a real vision for things, which others fall short of. Particularly in your academic/college situation, you are currently fighting against restraints upon your desire to express yourself freely.

Your relationship with your parents (there is a suggestion that one is no longer around, or at least emotionally absent) is under some strain. You wish to remain fond of them but recent issues are causing frustration – from your side far more than theirs. In fact they seem unaware of your thoughts on the matter. Partly this is because there are ways in which you have been made to feel isolated from certain groups in the past – something of an outsider. Now what is happening is that you are taking that outsider role and defending it to the point of consciously avoiding being part of a group. This will serve you well in your creative and career pursuits. You have an enormous cynicism towards those who prefer to be part of a group or who exhibit any cliquey behaviour, and you always feel a pang of disappointment when you see your ‘close’ friends seeming to follow that route. Deep down it feels like rejection.

However, for all that introspection, you have developed a sensational, dry sense of humour that makes connections quickly and wittily and will leave you making jokes that go right over the heads of others. You delight in it so much that you’ll often rehearse jokes or amusing voices to yourself in order to ’spontaneously’ impress others with them. But this is a healthy desire to impress, and although you hate catching yourself at it, it’s nothing to be so worried about.

There’s also an odd feeling that you should have been born in a different century. You might be able to make more sense of that than I can.

There are some strong monetary shifts taking place at the moment. Both the recent past and what’s in store over the next few months represent quite a change.

You have links at the moment with America*, which are quite interesting, and will look to yield worthwhile results. You’re naturally a little disorganized. A look around your living space would show a box of photos, unorganised into albums, out-of-date medicines, broken items not thrown out, and notes to yourself which are significantly out of date. Something related to this is that you lack motivation. Because you’re resourceful and talented enough to be pretty successful when you put your mind to things, this encourages you to procrastinate and put them off. Equally, you’ve given up dreams a little easily when your mind flitted elsewhere. There are in your home signs of an excursion into playing a musical instrument, which you have since abandoned, or are finding yourself less interested in. (This may alternatively relate to poetry and creative writing you’ve briefly tried your hand at and left behind you.) You have a real capacity for deciding that such-and-such a thing (or so-and-so a person) will be the be all and end all of everything and be with you for ever. But you’d rather try and fail, and swing from one extreme to the other, than settle for the little that you see others content with.

Conclusion: It’s very interesting doing your reading, as you do present something of a  conundrum, which won’t surprise you. You are certainly bright, but unusually open to life’s possibilities – something not normally found among achieving people. I’d say you’d do well to be less self-absorbed, as it tends to distance you a little, and to relinquish some of the control you exercise when you present that stylized version of yourself to others. You could let people in a little more, but I am aware that there is a darkness you feel you should hide (much of this is in the personal/relationship/sexual area, and is related to a neediness which you don’t like).

You really have an appealing personality – genuinely. Many thanks for doing this, and for offering something far more substantial than most.

*This was changed to ‘Britain’ for US subjects. (I suggest ‘people abroad’ as a catch-all.)"

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Post  Martijn (admin) Tue Mar 03, 2015 3:45 pm

Martijn (admin) wrote:
...

Derren Brown's profile-design copy-and-pasted below:

"Derren Brown’s Forer Experiment Text

[2a] You are a person prone to bouts of self-examination. This is in sharp contrast to a striking ability you have developed to appear very socially engaged, even the life and soul of the party; but in a way that only convinces others. You are all too aware of it being a façade.

This means that you will often be at a gathering and find yourself playing a part. [11] While on the one hand you’ll be talkative and funny, you’ll be detaching yourself to the point where you will find yourself watching everything going on around you and feeling utterly unable to engage. You’ll play conversations back to yourself in your head and wonder what that person really meant when he said such-and-such — conversations that other people wouldn’t give a second thought to.

How have you learned to deal with this conflict? [6a] Through exercising control. You like to show a calm, self-assured fluid kind of stability (but because this is self-consciously created, it will create bouts of frustrated silliness and a delight in extremes, or at least a delight in being seen to be extreme). You most easily recognise this control in how you are with people around you.[10] You have learned to protect yourself by keeping people at bay. Because in the past you have learned to be disappointed by people [5] (and because there were issues with you adjusting to your sexuality), you instinctively keep people at arms’ length, until you decide they are allowed over that magic line into your group of close friends. However, once across that line, the problem is that [1b] an emotional dependency kicks in which leaves you feeling very hurt or rejected if it appears that they have betrayed that status.

(2b) Because you are prone to self-examination, you will be aware of these traits. However, you are unusually able to examine even that self-examination, which means that you have become concerned about what the real you is. You have become all too aware of façades, of sides of yourself which you present to the world, and you wonder if you have lost touch with the real and spontaneous you.

[3a] You are very creative, and have tried different avenues to utilize that ability. It may not be that you specifically, say, paint; it may be that your creativity shows itself in more subtle ways, but [9a] you will certainly find yourself having vivid and well-formed ideas which others will find hard to grasp. [12a] You set high standards for yourself, though, and in many ways are a bit of a perfectionist. The problem is, though, that it means you often don’t get stuff done, [8a] because you are frustrated by the idea of mediocrity and are wearied by the idea of starting something afresh. However, once your brain is engaged you’ll find yourself sailing. Very much this will likely lead to you having considered writing a novel or some such, [12a]but a fear that you won’t be able to achieve quite what you want stops you from getting on with it. [9b] But you have a real vision for things, which others fall short of. Particularly in your academic/college situation, you are currently fighting against restraints upon your desire to express yourself freely.

Your relationship with your parents (there is a suggestion that one is no longer around, or at least emotionally absent) is under some strain. You wish to remain fond of them but recent issues are causing frustration – from your side far more than theirs. In fact they seem unaware of your thoughts on the matter. Partly this is because there are ways in which you have been made to feel isolated from certain groups in the past – something of an outsider. Now what is happening is that you are taking that outsider role and defending it to the point of consciously avoiding being part of a group. This will serve you well in your creative and career pursuits. [8b]You have an enormous cynicism towards those who prefer to be part of a group or who exhibit any cliquey behaviour, and you always feel a pang of disappointment when you see your ‘close’ friends seeming to follow that route. Deep down it feels like rejection.

However, for all that introspection, you have developed a sensational, dry sense of humour that makes connections quickly and wittily and will leave you making jokes that go right over the heads of others. You delight in it so much that you’ll often rehearse jokes or amusing voices to yourself in order [1b] to ’spontaneously’ impress others with them. But this is a healthy desire to impress, and although you hate catching yourself at it, it’s nothing to be so worried about.

There’s also an odd feeling that you should have been born in a different century. You might be able to make more sense of that than I can.

There are some strong monetary shifts taking place at the moment. Both the recent past and what’s in store over the next few months represent quite a change.

You have links at the moment with America*, which are quite interesting, and will look to yield worthwhile results. You’re naturally a little disorganized. A look around your living space would show a box of photos, unorganised into albums, out-of-date medicines, broken items not thrown out, and notes to yourself which are significantly out of date. Something related to this is that you lack motivation. Because [3b] you’re resourceful and talented enough to be pretty successful when you put your mind to things, this encourages you to procrastinate and put them off. Equally, you’ve given up dreams a little easily when your mind flitted elsewhere. There are in your home signs of an excursion into playing a musical instrument, which you have since abandoned, or are finding yourself less interested in. (This may alternatively relate to poetry and creative writing you’ve briefly tried your hand at and left behind you.) You have a real capacity for deciding that such-and-such a thing (or so-and-so a person) will be the be all and end all of everything and be with you for ever. But you’d rather try and fail, and swing from one extreme to the other, than settle for the little that you see others content with.

Conclusion: It’s very interesting doing your reading, as you do present something of a  conundrum, which won’t surprise you. You are certainly bright, but unusually open to life’s possibilities – something not normally found among achieving people. I’d say you’d do well to be less self-absorbed, as it tends to distance you a little, and to relinquish [6b] some of the control you exercise when you present that stylized version of yourself to others. You could let people in a little more, but I am aware that [4] there is a darkness you feel you should hide [1c]([7] much of this is in the personal/relationship/sexual area, and is related to a neediness which you don’t like).

You really have an appealing personality – genuinely. Many thanks for doing this, and for offering something far more substantial than most.

*This was changed to ‘Britain’ for US subjects. (I suggest ‘people abroad’ as a catch-all.)"


In 1948 psychologist Bertram R. Forer used the following items inside his personality sketch - copy and pasted from Wikipedia:

(I have used colors in the text above- and below because they correlate by content; to me it looks quite like only the 13th Forer item below was not used by Derren Brown's version!!!)

1 - You have a great need for other people to like and admire you.
2 - You have a tendency to be critical of yourself.
3 - You have a great deal of unused capacity which you have not turned to your advantage.
4 - While you have some personality weaknesses, you are generally able to compensate for them.
5 - Your sexual adjustment has presented problems for you.
6 - Disciplined and self-controlled outside, you tend to be worrisome and insecure inside.
7 - At times you have serious doubts as to whether you have made the right decision or done the right thing.
8 - You prefer a certain amount of change and variety and become dissatisfied when hemmed in by restrictions and limitations.
9 - You pride yourself as an independent thinker and do not accept others' statements without satisfactory proof.
10 - You have found it unwise to be too frank in revealing yourself to others.
11 - At times you are extroverted, affable, sociable, while at other times you are introverted, wary, reserved.
12 - Some of your aspirations tend to be pretty unrealistic.
13 - Security is one of your major goals in life.
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Post  Martijn (admin) Tue Mar 03, 2015 5:05 pm


Here's a recent article (nov 2014) that was published in PsychologyToday, where palm reading gets associated with 'cold reading' (the article e.g summarizes a list of 13 points that are often included):

NOTICE: I post this article here to make hand readers, students & other visitors more aware of how psychologists tend to associate the activity of hand reading with 'cold reading'.



https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/sideways-view/201411/weve-got-something-everyone-the-barnum-effect

Derren Brown says: 'Palm Readers are Fake!' (video) Adrian-Furnham

"We've Got Something for Everyone: The Barnum Effect
What is the Barnum effect? What are the tricks of "cold reading"?


Why do people believe in graphology and astrology? One possibility is that the interpretations they provide are ‘true.’ They are true because they consist of vague positive generalisations with high base-rate validity, yet are supposedly derived specifically for a named person.

For several decades, psychologists have investigated the ‘Barnum effect’ (sometimes known as the Forer effect). This phenomenon occurs when people accept personality feedback about themselves because it is supposedly derived from personality assessment procedures. In other words, people fall victim to the fallacy of personal validation. People accept the generalisations that are true of nearly everybody to be specifically true of themselves.

Over 60 years ago a psychologist called Stagner gave a group of personnel managers a personality test, but instead of scoring it and giving them the actual answers, he gave each of them bogus feedback in the form of statements derived from horoscopes, graphological analyses and so on. Each manager was then asked to read over the feedback (supposedly derived from him or herself from the ‘scientific’ test) and decide how accurate the assessment was. Over half felt their profile was an accurate description of them, and almost none believed it to be wrong.

The following year a Professor called Forer gave personality tests to his students, ignored their answers, and gave each student an identical evaluation. The first three items were: “You have a great need for other people to like and admire you”; “You have a tendency to be critical of yourself”, “You have a great deal of unused capacity which you have not turned to your advantage”

They were then asked to evaluate the description from 0 to 5, with 5 meaning the recipient felt the description was an ‘excellent’ evaluation and 4 meaning the assessment was ‘good.’ The class average evaluation was 4.26.

Research on the Barnum effect has, however, shown that belief in bogus feedback is influenced by a number of important factors: some to do with the receiver/client and the giver/consultant (for example, their personality, naïveté) and some to do with the nature of the test and feedback situation. One of the most important variables is perceived specificity of the information required. The more detailed the questions (for example, a hororscope based on the year, month and day of birth, rather than one based on the year and month of birth alone) the more likely it is a person will think it pertains to just themselves.

Forer’s (1949) own explanation for the Barnum effect was in terms of human gullibility. People tend to accept claims about themselves in proportion to their desire that the claims be true rather than in proportion to the empirical accuracy of the claims as measured by some non-subjective standard. This confirms another principle in personality assessment – the ‘Polyanna principle’ – which suggests that there is a general tendency to use or accept positive words or feedback more frequently than negative words of feedback.

Studies have shown that students initially skeptical about astrology were more likely to both accept the personality description it offered them and to increase their belief in astrology as a whole, if that description were favourable. In other words, those for whom astrological theory provides a more attractive self-portrait are more likely to express belief in the validity of astrologers.

Overall there is significant support for the general claim that Barnum profiles are perceived to be accurate by subjects in the studies. Furthermore, there is an increased acceptance of the profile if it is labeled ‘for you.’ Favourable assessments are more readily accepted as accurate descriptions of subjects’ personalities than unfavourable ones. But unfavourable claims are more readily accepted when delivered by people with high perceived status than low perceived status. There is also some evidence that personality variables such as neuroticism, need for approval, and authoritarianism are positively related to belief in Barnum-like profiles.

Hence the popularity of astronomy and graphology: feedback is based on specific information and it is nearly always favourable. In addition, it often the anxious who visit astrologers and the like: they are particularly sensitive to objective information about themselves and the future.

So how do people use the above information to persuade others? Over twenty-five years Hyman (1977) wrote a paper that tried to explain the tricks conmen of one sort or another use to persuade the naive client they know all about them. The article which listed thirteen points (pp26-29) was aimed at palmists, graphologists and the like but is equally applicable to certain rather unscrupulous consultants. The thirteen points are:

1. Remember that the key ingredient of a successful character reader is confidence. If you look and act as if you believe in what you are doing, you will be able to sell even a bad reading to most of your subjects. . .

2. Make creative use of the latest statistical abstracts, polls, and surveys. This can provide you with a wealth of material about what various subclasses of our society believe, do want, worry about, and so on. For example, if you can ascertain about a client such things as the part of the country he comes from, the size of the city he was brought up in, his parents religion and vocations, his educational level and age, you are already in possession of information that should enable you to predict with high probability his voting preferences, his beliefs on many issues, and other traits.

3. Set the stage for your reading. Profess a modesty about your talents. Make no excessive claims. This catches your subject off guard. You are not challenging him to a battle of wits. You can read his character, whether he cares to believe you or not is his concern.

4. Gain his cooperation in advance. Emphasize that the success of the reading depends as much upon his sincere cooperation as upon your efforts. (After all, you imply, you already have a successful career at reading characters. You are not in trial – he is). State that due to difficulties of language and communication, you may not always convey the exact meaning you intend. In these cases he is to strive to reinterpret the message in terms of his own vocabulary and life. . .

5. Use a gimmick, such as a crystal ball, tarot cards, or palm reading. The use of palmistry, say, serves two important purposes. It lends an air of novelty to the reading; but more importantly, it serves as a cover for you to stall and to formulate your next statement. While you are trying to think of something to say next, you are apparently carefully studying a new wrinkle or line in the hand. Holding hands, in addition to any emotional thrills you may give or receive thereby, is another good way of detecting the reactions of the subject to what you are saying (the principle is the same as ‘muscle reading’). . .

6. Have a list of stock phrases at the tip of your tongue. Even if all you are doing is a cold reading, the liberal sprinkling of stock phrases among your regular reading will add body to the reading and will fill in time as you try to formulate more precise characterisations. You can use the statements in the preceding stock spiels as a start. Memorize a few of them before undertaking your initial ventures into character reading. Palmistry, tarot, and other fortune-telling manuals also are rich sources of good phrases.

7. Keep your eyes open. Also use your other senses. We have seen how to size up a client on the basis of clothing, jewellery, mannerisms and speech. Even a crude classification on such a basis can provide sufficient information for a good reading. Watch the impact of your statement upon the subject. Very quickly you will learn when you are ‘ hitting home’ and when you are ‘missing the boat’.

8. Use the technique of ‘fishing’. This is simply a devise for getting the subject to tell you about himself. Then you rephrase what he has told you in a coherent sketch and feed it back to him. One version of fishing is to phrase each statement in the form of a question. Then wait for the subject to reply (or react). If the reaction is positive then the reader turns the statement into a positive assertion. Often the subject will respond by answering the implied question. . . later he will tend to forget that he was the source of your information. By making your statements into questions you also force the subject to force through his memory to retrieve specific instances to fit your general statement.

9. Learn to be a good listener. During the course of a reading your client will be bursting to talk about incidents that are brought up. The good reader allows the client to talk at will. On one occasion I observed a tealeaf reader. The client actually spent 75 percent of the total time talking. Afterwards when I questioned the client about the reading she vehemently insisted that she had not uttered a single word during the course of the reading. The client praised the reader for having so astutely told her what in fact she herself had spoken.

Another value of listening is that most clients who seek the services of a reader actually want someone to listen to their problems. In addition many clients have already made up their minds about what choices they are going to make. They merely want support to carry out their decisions.

10. Dramatise your reading. Give back what little information you do have or pick up a little bit at a time. Make it seem more than it is. Build word pictures around each divulgence. Don’t be afraid of hamming it up.

11. Always give the impression that you know more than you are saying. The successful reader, like the family doctor, always acts as if he knows much more. Once you persuade the client that you know one item of information about him that you could not possibly have obtained through normal channels, the client will automatically assume you know all. At this pointy he will typically open up and confide in you.

12. Don’t be afraid to flatter your subject every chance you get. An occasional subject will protest such flatter, but will still cherish it. In such cases you can further flatter him by saying, ‘You are always suspicious of people who flatter you. You just cant believe that someone will say well of you unless is trying to achieve some ulterior goal.’

13. Finally, remember the golden rule. Tell the client what he wants to hear."
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Post  Martijn (admin) Tue Mar 03, 2015 5:21 pm


It appears that very few hand readers have reported anything at all about the Forer effect (Barnum effect), but almost 10 years ago Canadian chirologist Kenneth Lagerström has presented his perception on the Forer effect in an article that is available at his website, see:
http://www.humanhand.com/forereffect.html


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Post  Martijn (admin) Wed Mar 04, 2015 3:08 pm


Hand readers may now wonder about:

'how to avoid the Barnum-effect?'

Rust and Golombok (2009) summarize three aspects of how to avoid the Barnum effect, a short summary is here HERE at a discussion forum:

"As far as I am concerned, how to avoid Barnum effect is an inevitable important issue. Actually, being objective is the key point to overcoming this issue. It is easy to say though it can be harder to do. Rust and Golombok summarized three aspects of how to avoid the Barnum effect, which occurs when people accept broad-spectrum, vague statements as unique descriptions of their own(2009). First of all, learn to face to oneself. Being brave to face to oneself is the first step of knowing oneself. Attitude decides everything. Secondly, cultivate an ability of collecting information and judging objectively. Nobody is born with this ability, so people can exercise and practice to increase their skill level. Collecting information to support people’s critical thinking and judgment of things from an objective perspective could be the most effective way. Thirdly, taking other people as a mirror means that people should compare themselves with others and find their appropriate positions in the society.

The Barnum Effect shows it is difficult to knowing oneself correctly, but people should take this into serious consideration. The better people knowing themselves, the better future people can create."



Unfortunately this implicates for the perspective of hand reading that there is no easy way out here for any hand reader to avoid the Barnum-effect; because experts suggest that it is basically only in control of... the one who's hands are red!

Additionally, be aware: people who are sensitive for the Barnum-effect are most likely to accept woolly language... so as a hand reader it is crucial to use sound concepts (and to avoid the use of ambiguous vocabulary or references to archetypes and/or movie-star characters - because we all may have individual perceptions about such).

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Post  Martijn (admin) Fri Mar 06, 2015 12:38 pm


Here's another interesting video where Darren Brown describes & explains the psychological mechanism that is involved in his experiment (+ he also makes a speculative attempt regarding how to recognize/identify 'cold readers' who consciously use psychological techniques to deceive people... without using any genuine knowledge or believe at all!):


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Post  Martijn (admin) Sat Mar 28, 2015 12:31 pm


Below I have grouped some examples of unspecified major themes that can easily induce the Barnum/Forer effect:

Abilities & capacities:

- Ability to compensate insecurities
- Ability for critical self-analysis
- Ability to think independently
- Unused capacities

Needs:

- Need for variety and/or change, dislike for restrictions
- Need for security
- Need for positive social acknowledgements: desire to be liked and/or admired by people

Problems:

- Doubts about choices already made
- Issues related to damaged trust
- Past issues related to sexual needs
- Unrealistic aspirations
- Inconsistencies between inner and outer world (mix of introvert- and extravert behaviors)


Below is a Word-Cloud collection of terms that people apparently often use on the internet in the context of the Barnum/Forer effect (apparently people might have diffuse perceptions regarding terms like 'extroverted' and 'introverted', even though the terms have been defined considerably well in the academic fields of psychology):
Derren Brown says: 'Palm Readers are Fake!' (video) 17351424-abstract-word-cloud-for-forer-effect-with-related-tags-and-terms
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